18 - 20

21 - 23

24 - 27

≥27

PV

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Factor 1 of MP

My scholar productivity has decreased as a direct result of the time I spend on the mobile phone.

34.43 ± 2.73

34.24 ± 2.48

23.98 ± 2.33

24.5 ± 2.41

0.005

I have been told that I spend more time on MP.

32.62 ± 2.93

32.77 ± 2.68

22.36 ± 2.45

24.24 ± 2.55

0.006

My friends and family complain about my use of the mobile phone.

30.24 ± 2.82

33.19 ± 2.57

21.69 ± 2.54

21.75 ± 2.63

0.01

My friends don’t like it when my mobile phone is switched off.

43.4 ± 2.42

43.07 ± 2.44

32.93 ± 2.35

37.63 ± 2.79

0.003

Factor 2 of MP

All my friends own a mobile phone.

49.76 ± 2.67

42.89 ± 2.56

39.46 ± 2.49

49.74 ± 2.9

0.006

Factor 3 of MP

I feel anxious if I have not checked for messages or switched on my mobile phone for some time.

50.94 ± 2.41

43.22 ± 2.42

38.62 ± 2.31

36.25 ± 2.89

0.002

I am often late for appointments because I’m engaged on the mobile phone when I shouldn’t be.

28.54 ± 2.5

24.79 ± 2.43

16.39 ± 2.11

20 ± 2.13

0.009

I have tried to hide from others how much time I spend on my mobile phone.

29.25 ± 2.52

30.46 ± 2.18

23.98 ± 2.28

18.94 ± 2.27

0.012

I have aches and pains that are associated with my mobile phone use.

31.6 ± 2.65

26.26 ± 2.68

19.72 ± 2.11

22.19 ± 2.54

0.03

More than once I have been in trouble because my mobile phone has gone off during a meeting, lecture, or in a theatre.

38.81 ± 2.69

34.75 ± 2.55

26.22 ± 2.32

29.85 ± 2.75

0.003

I have frequent dreams about the mobile phone.

27.59 ± 2.84

26.5 ± 2.38

19.26 ± 2.11

17.5 ± 2.42

0.049

Factor 4 of MP

Sometimes, when I am on the mobile phone and I am doing other things, I get carried away with the conversation and I don’t pay attention to what I am doing.

46.23 ± 2.17

46.19 ± 2.16

38.42 ± 2.17

39.14 ± 2.22

0.011

The time I spend on the mobile phone has increased over the last 12 months.

54.52 ± 2.74

43.38 ± 2.56

44.63 ± 2.58

44.53 ± 3.04

0.004

Approval motivation

to react in different ways depending upon the people involved.

20.7 ± 0.95

18.1 ± 0.81

17.6 ± 0.74

16.8 ± 0.91

0.006

I pretend in order to add entourage.

12.3 ± 1.03

10.1 ± 0.87

9.8 ± 0.86

7.8 ± 0.84

0.007