Weighted mean tortuosity (×103)

Standard deviation tortuosity (×103)

N

Intercept

B (95%CI)

P value

Intercept

B (95%CI)

P value

Gender

Male

270

11.97

Ref

24.09

Ref

Female

199

0.17(−0.14 ~ 0.47)

0.286

0.48(−0.20 ~ 1.15)

0.168

Age

503

10.36

0.03(0.02 ~ 0.04)

<0.001

20.44

0.08(0.05 ~ 0.10)

<0.001

Duration

389

11.57

0.06(0.04 ~ 0.09)

<0.001

23.29

0.14(0.08 ~ 0.19)

<0.001

HbA1c

415

12.39

−0.03(−0.10 ~ 0.05)

0.471

25.12

−0.07(−0.24 ~ 0.10)

0.426

BMI

186

12.61

−0.03(−0.09 ~ 0.03)

0.378

25.28

−0.04(−0.18 ~ 0.09)

0.539

Cholesterol

452

12.60

−0.11(−0.25 ~ 0.03)

0.108

25.24

−0.19(−0.49 ~ 0.11)

0.217

LDL

452

12.27

−0.07(−0.25 ~ 0.11)

0.426

24.91

−0.20(−0.60 ~ 0.20)

0.327

HDL

452

12.45

−0.39(−0.92 ~ 0.15)

0.160

24.32

0.02(−1.17 ~ 1.21)

0.976

Current Smoking

No

326

12.00

Ref

24.19

Ref

Yes

178

0.14(−0.17 ~ 0.44)

0.368

0.33(−0.35 ~ 1.00)

0.345

Current Drinking

No

412

12.04

Ref

24.26

Ref

Yes

92

0.06(−0.32 ~ 0.44)

0.758

0.23(−0.60 ~ 1.07)

0.583

Urine albumin/creatinine ratio

≤30

318

11.92

Ref

24.06

Ref

>30

119

0.74(0.39 ~ 1.09)

<0.001

1.28(0.50 ~ 2.07)

0.001

Blood creatinine

≤84 µmol/L

401

12.03

Ref

24.30

Ref

>84 µmol/L

40

0.68(0.13 ~ 1.23)

0.015

1.15(−0.05 ~ 2.36)

0.061

Urea

441

11.77

0.06(−0.03 ~ 0.15)

0.192

23.91

0.09(−0.10 ~ 0.29)

0.348

Urine microalbuminuria

≤1.9 mg/dL

287

11.926

Ref

24.04

Ref

>1.9 mg/dL

150

0.57(0.24 ~ 0.90)

0.001

1.08(0.34 ~ 1.82)

0.004

baPWV (m/s)

178

9.97

0.12(0.06 ~ 0.18)

<0.001

19.77

0.27(0.13 ~ 0.41)

<0.001

Thrombosis

No

480

12.00

Ref

24.21

Ref

Yes

24

0.98(0.30 ~ 1.66)

0.005

2.05(0.54 ~ 3.55)

0.008

High blood pressure

No

304

11.87

Ref

23.92

Ref

Yes

200

0.44(0.14 ~ 0.73)

0.004

0.97(0.32 ~ 1.63)

0.004

SBP (mmHg)

186

11.20

0.01(−0.01 ~ 0.02)

0.445

22.69

0.01(−0.02 ~ 0.04)

0.492

DBP (mmHg)

186

12.96

−0.01(−0.04 ~ 0.01)

0.251

26.94

−0.04(−0.09 ~ 0.02)

0.177

DR

No DR

118

11.72

Ref

23.69

Ref

Any DR

386

0.44(0.09 ~ 0.78)

0.013

0.80(0.04 ~ 1.57)

0.038