| Parameters | Role |
1 | Extrusion Temperature | Affects material flow, viscosity, and overall process stability. Higher temperatures can reduce viscosity, impacting material flow [23] . |
2 | Feed Rate | Influences the quantity of material processed per unit time. Higher rates can impact material homogeneity and quality [24] . |
3 | Screw Speed | Alters the shear and mixing properties within the extruder. Higher speeds may affect material characteristics and mixing efficiency [25] . |
4 | L/D Ratio | The ratio of the length to diameter of the extrusion screw. Affects residence time, shear, and pressure on the material [26] . |
5 | Dimensional Accuracy | Reflects the precision in producing components. Influenced by process parameters and material flow consistency [27] . |
6 | Tensile Strength | Represents material strength under tension. Affected by process conditions influencing material properties [28] . |
7 | Elongation | Indicates material ductility or flexibility. Process parameters can influence material properties affecting elongation [29] . |
8 | Defects | Refers to flaws in the extruded product. Influenced by various parameters affecting material flow and processing conditions [30] . |