Parameters

Role

1

Injection Speed

Determines the rate at which molten material is injected into the mold, affecting fill time and pressure distribution within the cavity [10] .

2

Mold Temperature

Regulates the mold’s temperature to influence material cooling and solidification, impacting part quality, warpage, and cycle time [11] .

3

Melt Temperature

Controls the temperature of the melted material, affecting viscosity, flowability, and part properties, including shrinkage and warpage [12] .

4

Holding Pressure

Manages the pressure applied during the holding phase to ensure proper material packing, influence dimensional accuracy, and reduce voids [13] .

5

Dimensional Accuracy

Influenced by multiple factors, including temperature, pressure, and material properties, affecting the precision of the final part [14] .

6

Warpage

Affected by material properties, cooling rate, and mold temperature, warpage is a distortion in the final part’s shape and can be minimized with process adjustments [15] .

7

Shrinkage

Influenced by material properties and cooling rates, shrinkage refers to the reduction in part dimensions as it cools and solidifies within the mold [16] .

8

Cycle Time

The total time required to complete one molding cycle, including injection, cooling, and ejection, with optimization efforts aimed at reducing production time [17] .