Combination	Advantages and Disadvantages	Supporting Articles and Papers
Lime and Cement	Advantages: 1) Improved strength and durability: The combination of lime and cement can significantly increase the strength and durability of the stabilized soil, making it suitable for various construction applications. 2) Reduced plasticity: Lime and cement can help reduce the plasticity of the soil, making it less susceptible to volume changes due to moisture variations. 3) Enhanced workability: The addition of lime and cement can improve the workability of the soil, making it easier to handle and compact. 4) Environmental benefits: Stabilizing soil with lime and cement can lead to reduced environmental impact by minimizing the need for importing or exporting soil materials. 5) Reduced swelling potential of the soil as well as faster setting and hardening of the soil. Disadvantages 1) Cost: The use of lime and cement as soil stabilizers can be expensive, especially for large-scale projects. 2) Environmental considerations: Cement production is associated with high carbon emissions, which can have environmental implications. 3) Long-term performance: The long-term performance of lime and cement stabilized soil may be influenced by factors such as environmental conditions and maintenance. 4) Potential for alkali-silica reaction and an increased risk of shrinkage cracking.	- “Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Lime and Cement” by M. N. Akhtar, S. M. Jamil, and M. A. Khan (Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering) - “Effect of Lime and Cement Stabilization on the Engineering Properties of Expansive Clay Soil” by M. A. Al-Abdul Wahhab and M. A. Basma (Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering) - “Strength and Durability Characteristics of Lime and Cement Stabilized Soil” by S. S. Singh and S. K. Kaushik (International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering) [11] - “Environmental Impact of Cement Production: Detail of the Different Processes and Cement Plant Variability Evaluation” by M. I. Martínez and I. M. C. de Guzmán (Journal of Cleaner Production) - “Cost-Effective Soil Stabilization for Sustainable Pavement Construction” by A. K. Pathak and S. K. Shukla (International Journal of Pavement Engineering)
Lime and fly ash	Advantages: 1) Cost-effectiveness: Using lime and ash as soil stabilizers can be cost-effective compared to other stabilizing agents, making it an attractive option for construction projects. 2) Improved workability: The addition of lime and ash can enhance the workability of the soil, making it easier to handle and compact during construction. 3) Environmental benefits: The use of ash, a byproduct of combustion, can provide a sustainable solution for disposing of waste materials while contributing to soil stabilization. 4) Reduced plasticity: Lime and ash can help reduce the plasticity of the soil, making it less susceptible to volume changes due to moisture variations. Disadvantages: 1) Long-term performance: The long-term performance of lime and ash stabilized soil may be influenced by factors such as environmental conditions and maintenance, and may require periodic reapplication. 2) Variability of ash properties: The properties of ash can vary depending on the source and combustion process, which may impact the effectiveness of soil stabilization.	Supporting Journals: - “Utilization of Lime and Fly Ash for Soil Stabilization” by S. K. Singh and A. K. Jain (Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering) [11] - “Effect of Lime and Ash Stabilization on the Engineering Properties of Soil” by A. K. Pathak and S. K. Shukla (International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering) - “Sustainable Soil Stabilization Using Lime and Ash” by M. A. Al-Abdul Wahhab and M. A. Basma (Journal of Sustainable Development) Supporting Journals: - “Assessment of the Engineering Properties of Lime and Ash Stabilized Soil” by M. N. Akhtar, S. M. Jamil, and M. A. Khan (Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering) - “Long-Term Performance of Lime and Ash Stabilized Soil in Pavement Construction” by R. K. Trivedi and S. R. Gupta (International Journal of Pavement Engineering)
Lime and fly ash	3) Limited strength improvement: Lime and ash may not provide as significant strength improvement as other stabilizing agents such as cement
Fly ash and Cement	Advantages: 1) Environmental benefits: The use of fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, as a soil stabilizer can provide a sustainable solution for disposing of waste materials while contributing to soil stabilization. 2) Improved workability: The addition of fly ash and cement can enhance the workability of the soil, making it easier to handle and compact during construction. 3) Reduced plasticity: Fly ash and cement can help reduce the plasticity of the soil, making it less susceptible to volume changes due to moisture variations. 4) Increased long-term strength: The combination of fly ash and cement can lead to increased long-term strength and durability of the stabilized soil, making it suitable for various construction applications. Disadvantages: 1) Cost: The use of fly ash and cement as soil stabilizers can be expensive, especially for large-scale projects, due to the cost of cement and transportation of fly ash. 2) Variability of fly ash properties: The properties of fly ash can vary depending on the source and combustion process, which may impact the effectiveness of soil stabilization. 3) Environmental considerations: Cement production is associated with high carbon emissions, which can have environmental implications.	Supporting Journals: - “Utilization of Fly Ash and Cement for Soil Stabilization” by S. K. Singh and A. K. Jain (Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering) [11] - “Effect of Fly Ash and Cement Stabilization on the Engineering Properties of Soil” by A. K. Pathak and S. K. Shukla (International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering) - “Sustainable Soil Stabilization Using Fly Ash and Cement” by M. A. Al-Abdul Wahhab and M. A. Basma (Journal of Sustainable Development) Supporting Journals: - “Environmental Impact of Cement Production: Detail of the Different Processes and Cement Plant Variability Evaluation” by M. I. Martínez and I. M. C. de Guzmán (Journal of Cleaner Production) - “Cost-Effective Soil Stabilization for Sustainable Pavement Construction” by A. K. Pathak and S. K. Shukla (International Journal of Pavement Engineering)