Family

Scientific name

Common

name

*Botanical behavior

Habitat

Impact

Reference

Asteraceae

Melanthera nivea (L.) Small

Pineland squarestem, Snow squarestem (USA),

Yerba de cabra, (MEXICO), Botón blanco (GUATEMALA), Dog Bush (TRINIDAD & TOBAGO), Romerillo cimarron (CUBA), Clavel blanco (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC), Cariaquillo blanco, Salaillo, Yerba de cabra (PUERTO RICO)

Toplan xiiw, Sak sooj, Sak sajum, Soot’kay, Ts’aan top’an xiiw (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

P D

Medium Subevergreen Forest, Medium Subdeciduous Forest, Low Deciduous Forest, Coastal Dune Shrub.

Attracts butterflies and other insects due to its high-quality nectar.

It is a host plant for the lepidopteran Chlosyne hippodrome. It can also be used as fodder.

[25] [26]

[27] [28]

[29] [30]

[31]

Poacea

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Pata de pollo, Pata de gallo, Zacate egipcio (MEXICO),

Chimes-suuk, k’an Toop su’uk (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO),

Egyptian grass, Crowfoot grass, Beach wiregrass (USA), Katikuti (JAPAN)

A M

Semi-arid, temperate, tropical, sub-tropical and humid regions including Coastal dunes.

It is considered a highly invasive weed, affecting 19 crops in 45 countries.

[32] [33]

[34] [35]

Malvaceae

Malvastrum corchorifolium

False mallow (USA), Sak xiiw (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

P D

Low and medium deciduous forest.

No reference

was found

[36]

Poaceae

Rynchelitrum repens

Pasto rosado,

Hierba de la lana, Pasto carretero, (MEXICO), Natal grass, Natal redtop (USA)

P M

Low Deciduous Forest, Shrubland and savannas.

No reference

was found

[37] [38]

[39] [40]

[41]

Poacea

Megathyrsus maximus

Pasto guineo

(MEXICO),

Pasto saboya

(ECUADOR),

Yerba de guinea, Guinea grass (USA)

P M

It is an African native species currently distributed and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions, adapted to medium and high fertility soils.

It develops successfully in a wide variety of well-drained and humid soils, being tolerant to shading.

Due to these characteristics, it is capable of reproducing successfully in competition with various crops.

It has been documented as an important weed affecting all crops around the world.

[42]

Asteraceae

Bidens pilosa

k’an tumbuub (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO),

Romerillo blanco

Beggar tick, Black Jack, Spanish needles, Hairy beggarticks (USA),

Cadillo rocero (VENEZUELA), Amor

seco (PERU),

Daun jin zhan yin pan (CHINA),

Picão, picão-preto,

carrapicho, shilco o Pega pega (BRASIL)

P D

It has a presence in all

tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

It is an

alternative host to common insect pests during

the low crop growing season.

[43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]

Fabaceae

Crotalaria

pumila

Chipilín, Crotalarias, Garbancilla, Tronadora, Hierba del cuervo, Sonadora (MEXICO),

Low rattlebox, Small rattle pod (USA)

A D

Deciduous and evergreen tropical forest, but also in pine-oak forest, grasslands, drainage channels and abandoned lots.

It has a mainly edible use cultivated for self-consumption, although can be traded regionally.

[49]

Fabaceae

Piscidia

piscipula

Jabín (MEXICO)

Barbasco,

Palo de agua, Chijol,

Fish-poison-tree

(USA),

Fishfuddle,

Dogwood (JAMAICA),

Guamá (CUBA)

A D

In Mexico it is

found in the states

of Tamaulipas,

Veracruz,

Campeche,

Yucatán, Quintana

Roo, Chiapas,

Oaxaca, Guerrero,

Michoacán, Colima,

Jalisco and Nayarit.

It is also found in

Florida and in

several Caribbean

islands.

No reference

was found

[50]

Fabaceae

Chamaecrista nictitans

Tamarindillo, Tamarindo, Cabal tamarindo, Kabal tamarindo (MEXICO),

Xiiw, x’aax (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

A D

Coastal dunes and high forest.

No reference was found

[51]

Malvaceae

Melochia

pyramidata

Malva común, Malva cimarrona (CUBA), Bretónica (PUERTO RICO), Coralillo, Escobilla colorada, Escobilla morada (GUATEMALA), Escobilla amarilla, Escobilla guinar, Malva de los cerros, Malvavisco (MEXICO), Chichibé (YUCATAN-MEXICO), Suponite (OAXACA-MEXICO) Chi’chi’bej, chack ch’ooben, sak chi’chi’bej (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO)

Pyramid flower, Angelpod melochia, Broomwood

(INDIA)

A D

Medium subevergreen forest, Low deciduous forest, evergreen and deciduous tropical forest.

Reported as host of

begomovirus

[52] [53]

Nyctaginaceae

Boerthavia erecta

Hierba blanca (MEXICO), Anisillo, escorián, Golondrina (CHIAPAS-MEXICO), Hierba del arlomo, Maravillita, Sanguinaria, Zanca de gallo, Tostón (CUBA),

Erect spiderling (USA)

A D

It is originally from the United States,

Mexico, Central America and Western

South America. It is reported as a cosmopolitan weed in

tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

It is reported as a host of whitefly nymphs and viruses.

[54] [55]

Asteraceae

Cyanthillium cinereum

Venadillo,

Pequeña hierba de hierro, Yerba morada (MEXICO)

Little ironweed (USA),

Rabo de buey, Yerba socialista (PUERTO RICO)

A D

Tropical areas.

No reference was found

[55]

Acanthaceae

Elytraria

imbricata

Purple scalystem (USA); Cola de alacrán, Cordoncillo, Pata de pollo, Pie de gallo, Riendilla (MEXICO; Mabal-xan (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

A P

It is found mainly in arid areas, low deciduous and high evergreen forest, sometimes reaching the pine-oak of temperate zones.

In Michoacán, Nayarit and Yucatán in Mexico, this species is commonly used to cure diarrhea; More information can be found in the page of the Digital Library of Traditional Mexican Medicine of UNAM. As for Mexico, it has been listed several uses such as medicine or fresh water in Sonora. In Culiacán for livestock fodder. Tea in Baja California to treat fever

and urinary problems.

[56] [57]

Commelinaceae

Commelina erecta

Espuelitas, Hierba del pollo, Mataliste,

hierba de Santa Lucía (ARGENTINA);

Pah-tsá, X-habul-ha y yáax-ha-xiu, paj ts’a (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO);

Erect dayflower, Whitemouth dayflower, Widow’s tears (USA);

Flor de la virgen, Hierba de lluvia (MEXICO); Nuub en nuub ojo, corrimiento xiiw (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

P M

No reference was found.

It is reported as a weed in rice, coffee, sugar cane, citrus, ornamental plants and banana (Villaseñor and Espinosa, 1998). It is not normally a worrying weed, but since it is not very susceptible to glyphosate, can become a problem in conservation tillage agriculture.

[58] [59]

[60] [61]

Poaceae

Cynodon

dactilon

Bermuda grass, devilgrass (USA); Bramilla, grama, gramilla, zacate agrarista, zacate Bermuda, zacate pata de gallo, Bermuda de la costa, Grama de la costa, Zacate borrego, Gallitos, Grama de bermuda, Pata de perdiz (MEXICO);

Zacate conejo (CHIHUAHUA-MEXICO);

acacahuiztli (NAHUATL-LANGUAGE-MEXICO), kan-suuk (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO); guixi-biguiñi, guixi-guitoo, guixi-piguiñe (ZAPOTECO- LANGUAGE-MEXICO)

P M

No reference was found.

It is the host of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

[62]

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea nil

Campanilla, Enredadera, Bejuco, Porotillo (MEXICO); Whiteedge morningglory, Japanese morningglory, Blue morningglory (USA); Bejuco

(ARGENTINA); Corriola, Corda-de-viola (BRASIL);

Ke’elil, Tso’otsk’abil (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

A D

No reference was found

It is a vine growing along roads and highways, covering the host trees.

It is a weed in fruit trees, corn, cactus and sorghum. In Argentina it is an important weed in cotton, soybeans, corn and other grains.

[63] [64] [65] [66]

Euphorbiaceae

Tragia yucatanensis

P’oop’ox (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

P D

Medium subdeciduous Forest and Low deciduous Forest.

It causes painful irritations

in the skin.

[67] [68]

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia

cyathophora

Jobon xiiw, jobon k’aak (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO). Dwarf poinsettia (USA)

A D

Low deciduous forest and costal dunes.

No reference was found

[69]

Gynandropsis

Gynandropsis gynandra

Hierba del zorrillo (MEXICO); barbana xiiw, tu’ xiiw (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO); Maman (MALAYSIA).

A

Scattered in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.

It is considered as a medicinal plant, growing in many tropical countries and cultivated as a native leafy vegetable. It is widely used in several countries of asia, Africa, North and Central America. As a remedy against headache, neuralgia, cough, wounds and irritations. The medicinal or healing properties are due to bioactive components, such as phenolic and flavonoids compounds.

[70] [71]

Malvaceae

Sida acuta

Ironweed

(India); Vavalisin de Filipinas (PHILIPPINES);

malva del Brasil (BRASIL); Malva de caballo (CUBA); Ancoacha del Perú, pickna del Perú (PERU);

Broom grass, Broom weed, Common wireweed (USA).

A y P D

It is commonly found in

improved grasslands and disturbed places.

It is reported as a natural reservoir of geminivirus.

[72] [73]

[74]

Malvaceae

Corchorus

siliquosus

Chichibe, chichivo, chi’ chi’ begmalva con vaina

(CAMPECHE-MEXICO); Malvilla, Malvilla de platanillo, alahuao-xipahuas (PUEBLA-MEXICO); Chichibe (QUINTANA ROO-MEXICO); Malva, Malvavisco blanco

(TABASCO-MEXICO); Escobilla blanca, Malva de castilla, Malva de platanillo, malva de puerco

(VERACRUZ-MEXICO); Chichibe, Putschichibe (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO);

malva té, té de la tierra

(CUBA); Escobillo (GUATEMALA); Té de perla, Té de monte (EL SALVADOR); Escobilla, Té

(PANAMA); Escoba blanca, Malva té (PUERTO RICO); Brusca dulce, Escoba, Malva té, Balai glisse, Balai lalo, Guimauve à petites fleurs,

lalo, Petit lalo, Tilalo (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND HAITI).

A D

Scattered throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

It is a natural reservoir of geminivirus.

[75]

Convolvulaceae

Distimake

aegyptius

campanilla trompillo (MEXICO); tso’ ots’ aak’, tsots-ak’ (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO).

A

pantropic

No reference was found

[76]

Boraginaceae

Heliotropium curassavicum

Alacrancillo de playa (YUCATAN-MEXICO); Cola de alacrán, Cola de mico, Hediondilla, Heliotropo cimarrón, Rabo de mico (MEXICO); tso’ ots’ aak’ (MAYAN LANGUAGE-MEXICO)

Wild heliotrope, Chinese pusley, seaside heliotrope, white-weed, devil-weed, alkali heliotrope (USA);

Cresta de gallo (BRASIL);

Jaboncillo, cola de alacrán (CHILE);

Doble gama, Cola de gama (ARGENTINA).

A Y P D

No reference was found

Highly toxic plant.

[77] [78]