| Variable | Description | Measurement |
| Dependent variable |
|
|
| Technical efficiency (U) | Technical inefficiency measures | Between 0 and 1 |
| Explanatory variable |
|
|
| Age | Age of household head | years |
| Gender | Gender of household head | male = 1, female = 0 |
| Hhs | Household size | Number |
| EducLev | Education level of the household head | years |
| GrpM | Group membership | yes = 1, no = 0 |
| HrdS | Number of dairy cattle owned by a farmer | Number |
| Acc | Credit access | yes = 1, no = 0 |
| Ext | Access to extension services | yes = 1, no = 0 |
| Trn | Training on fodder production | yes = 1, no = 0 |