No | Authors | Country | Year | Types of conjoined twins | Time of diagnosis | Comment |
1 | Chrysostome et al. [25] | CAR* | 2021 | Craniopagus | At the birth | Joined twins successfully separated in Rome (Italy) after 30 hours of surgery |
2 | Konan et al. [26] | Ivory Coast | 2008 | Craniopagus | At the 37th week of amenorrhea | No separation performed due to lack of appropriate means to perform the surgery |
3 | Zanga et al. [27] | Burkina Faso | 2018 | Thoracopagus | At the birth | Joined twins died of infanticide on the day of surgery |
4 | Osman et al. [28] | Morocco | 2012 | Omphalo-Ischiopagus | At the 14th week of amenorrhea, by ultrasound | Termination of pregnancy after parental consent |
5 | Iman et al. [29] | Morocco | 2021 | Parapagus dicephalic | In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy | Conjoined twins born by cesarean section: two heads, three upper limbs and two lower limbs |
6 | Kheir et al. [10] | Sudan | 2012 | Craniopagus | In the 1st trimester of pregnancy | Successful separation |
7 | Swar et al. [30] | Sudan | 2011 | Dicephalus tribrachius | At delivery by cesarean section | Deaths born, probably as a result of poor conditions during pregnancy and the perinatal period |
8 | Our study | DRC (Kalemie) | 2022 | Thoraco-omphalopagus | At delivery by cesarean section | Conjoined twins who did not survive more than five minutes after delivery |