Schein et al.; USA; 2016 [28] | Review Paper | NA | - Female gender, younger age and smoking are associated with poor INR control. - Male gender and PSM are associated with TTR ≥ 65%. | Sustainability of INR within the therapeutic range is influenced by multiple factors and careful evaluation of patients prior to warfarin initiation is essential. |
Shendre et al.; UK; 2018 [16] | Prospective cohort study | 1498 | - Warfarin dose requirement is 10.6% lower for middle-aged and an additional 10.6 % lower for elderly patients compared with young patients - Middle-aged and elderly patients spend more time in therapeutic INR range compared to young patients. - Absolute haemorrhagic risk is marginally higher in middle-aged patients and significantly higher in elderly patients compared to young patients. | Elderly patients have a higher risk of haemorrhagic events despite optimal INR control. |
Yong et al.; USA; 2016 [42] | Retrospective cohort study | 184,161 | - TTR was highest in whites and lowest in blacks - One-year warfarin persistence was lower in blacks compared to the whites | Differences in INR control is most evident among blacks. |